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THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE AND DIRECT EFFECT FOR THE GATT: - Contents

• 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Current State of the ECJ Doctrine
  • 1.2 Current Criticisms of the ECJ Doctrine
• 2. Doctrinal Analysis
  • 2.1 GATT reciprocity may differ from that in the other international agreements
  • 2.2 The structure of the GATT safeguards may not contemplate direct effect
  • 2.3 The nature of GATT dispute settlement may not require direct effect
• 3. Motive Analysis
  • 3.1 Possible non-mercantilist motivations for the ECJ's doctrine
  • 3.2 Implications of the ECJ's method of analysis
• 4. Political Economy Analysis
  • 4.1 Differences between GATT and Community fundamental rights
  • 4.2 The place of individuals within the GATT
• 5. Conclusion
• REFERENCES

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